January transfer window closes across major European leagues

The January transfer window has officially closed for clubs in the Premier League, English Football League (EFL), Women's Super League (WSL), and their counterparts in Germany, France, Spain, and Italy This mid-season window was characterized by strategic squad adjustments rather than record-breaking expenditures, with many clubs opting for loan deals and targeted permanent transfers to bolster their rosters for the remainder of the campaign

In the Women's Super League, several notable moves were confirmed. Arsenal secured goalkeeper Barbora Votikova on a loan deal from Slavia Prague, while West Ham United sanctioned the permanent transfer of defender Anouk Denton to US side Bay FC for a reported £200,000 Liverpool also facilitated a loan move, sending Rafaela Borggrafe to German club Bayer Leverkusen

The English Football League was similarly active, with clubs utilizing the loan market to add depth. Watford, for instance, completed a loan deal for midfielder Pierre Ekwah from French club Saint-Etienne While the source article confirmed the Scottish Premiership's window had also closed, it did not provide specific details on transfers involving clubs such as Celtic or Rangers With squads now finalized, the focus for clubs across Europe shifts back to domestic and continental competitions